Foreword
1 Introduction
1.1 Need for Vocabulary Control
1.2 How Vocabulary Control is Achieved
2 Scope
2.1 Applying the Standard
2.2 Monolingual Controlled Vocabularies
2.3 Types of Terms Covered by the Standard
2.4 Interoperability
2.5 Maintenance
2.6 Testing and Evaluation
3 Referenced Standards4 Definitions, Abbreviations, and Acronyms
4.1 Definitions
4.2 Abbreviations and Acronyms5 Controlled Vocabularies – Purpose, Concepts, Principles, and Structure
5.1 Purpose
5.2 Concepts
5.2.1 Terms
5.2.2 Content Objects
5.2.3 Indexing
5.3 Principles
5.3.1 Ambiguity
5.3.2 Synonymy
5.3.3 Semantic Relationships
5.3.4 Facet Analysis
5.3.5 Using Warrent to Select Terms
5.3.6 Controlled Vocabulary Impact on Information Retrieval
5.4 Structure
5.4.1 List
5.4.2 Synonym Ring
5.4.3 Taxonomy
5.4.4 Thesaurus
5.5 Controlled Vocabulary Metadata and Metadata Schemas6 Term Choice, Scope, and Form
6.1 Choice of Terms
6.2 Scope of Terms
6.2.1 Homographs
6.2.2 Scope Notes
6.2.3 History Notes
6.3 Term Form
6.3.1 Single-Word vs. Multiword Terms
6.3.2 Types of Concepts
6.3.3 Unique Entities
6.4 Grammatical Forms of Terms
6.4.1 Nouns and Noun Phrases
6.4.2 Adjectives
6.4.3 Adverbs
6.4.4 Initial Articles
6.5 Nouns
6.5.1 Count Nouns
6.5.2 Mass Nouns
6.5.3 Other Types of Singular Nouns
6.5.4 Coexistence of Singular and Plural Forms
6.6 Selecting the Preferred Form
6.6.1 Usage
6.6.2 Spelling
6.6.3 Abbreviations, Initialisms, and Acronyms
6.6.4 Neologisms, Slang, and Jargon
6.6.5 Popular and Scientific Names
6.6.6 Loanwords, Translations of Loanwords, and Foreign-Language Equivalents
6.6.7 Proper Names
6.7 Capitalization and Non-alphabetic Characters
6.7.1 Capitalization
6.7.2 Non-alphabetic Characters
6.7.3 Romanization
7 Compound Terms
7.1 General
7.2 Purpose of Guidelines on Compound Terms
7.2.1 Precoordinated Terms
7.2.2 Retrieval Considerations
7.3 Factors to be Considered When Establishing Compound Terms
7.4 Elements of Compound Terms
7.5 Criteria for Establishing Compound Terms
7.6 Criteria for Determining When Compound Terms Should be Split
7.6.1 Factors to be Considered
7.6.2 Hierarchical Structure
7.7 Node Labels
7.8 Order of Words in Compound Terms
7.8.1 Cross-references from Inversions
8 Relationships
8.1 Semantic Linking
8.1.1 Indicating Relationships Among Terms
8.2 Equivalence Relationships
8.2.1 Synonyms
8.2.2 Lexical Variants
8.2.3 Near-Synonyms
8.2.4 Generic Posting
8.2.5 Cross-references to Elements of Compound Terms
8.3 Hierarchical Relationships
8.3.1 Generic Relationships
8.3.2 Instance Relationships
8.3.3 Whole-Part Relationships
8.3.4 Polyhierarchical Relationships
8.3.5 Node Labels in Hierarchies
8.4 Associative Relationships
8.4.1 Relationships Between Terms Belonging to the Same Hierarchy
8.4.2 Relationships Between Terms Belonging to Different Hierarchies
8.4.3 Node Labels for Related Terms
8.4.4 Specifying Types of Related Term References
9 Displaying Controlled Vocabularies
9.1 General Considerations
9.1.1 Elements to Address
9.1.2 User Categories
9.2 Presentation
9.2.1 Displaying the Equivalence Relationship
9.2.2 Displaying Hierarchical and Associative Relationships
9.2.3 Indentation
9.2.4 Typography
9.2.5 Capitals and Lowercase Letters
9.2.6 Filing and Sorting
9.3 Types of Displays
9.3.1 Alphabetical Listing
9.3.2 Permuted Displays
9.3.3 Term Detail Displays
9.3.4 Hierarchical Displays
9.3.5 Graphic Displays
9.4 Display Formats – Physical Form
9.4.1 Print Format – Special Considerations
9.4.2 Screen Format – Special Considerations
9.4.3 Web Format – Special Considerations
9.5 Documentation10 Interoperability
10.1 The Need for Interoperability
10.2 Factors Affecting Interoperability
10.3 Multilingual Controlled Vocabularies
10.4 Searching
10.5 Indexing
10.6 Merging Databases
10.7 Merging Controlled Vocabularies
10.8 Achieving Interoperability
10.9 Storage and Maintenance of Relationships among Terms in Multiple Controlled Vocabularies
10.9.1 Authority Records
10.9.2 Vocabulary Mapping
10.9.3 Semantic Network
10.9.4 Lexical Database
11 Construction, Testing, Maintenance, and Management Systems11.1 Construction
11.1.1 Avoid Duplicating Existing Vocabularies
11.1.2 Determine the Structure and Display Formats
11.1.3 Construction Methods
11.1.4 Term Records
11.1.5 Term Verification
11.1.6 Candidate Terms
11.1.7 Levels of Specificity
11.1.8 Unassigned Terms
11.2 Testing and Evaluation of Controlled Vocabularies
11.2.1 Testing Methods
11.2.2 Evaluation Criteria
11.3 Maintenance
11.3.1 Updating the Vocabulary
11.3.2 Vocabulary Updates and Database Records
11.3.3 Hyperlink Maintenance
11.4 Management Systems
11.4.1 General System Considerations
11.4.2 Term Records and Displays
11.4.3 Cross-References
11.4.4 Term Deletion
11.4.5 Candidate Terms
11.4.6 Error Checking
11.4.7 Searching and Browsing
11.4.8 Reports
11.4.9 Testing and Evaluating Systems for Use with Controlled Vocabularies
Appendix A Summary of Standard Requirements / Recommendations
Appendix B Comparison of Vocabulary Types
Appendix C Characteristics and Uses of Controlled Vocabulary Display Options
Appendix D Methods for Achieving Interoperability
Appendix E Sample Candidate Term Forms
Appendix F References
Bibliography
Glossary
Index
| Table of Contents |
| 1. Why Vocabulary Control | 2. Principles | 3. Structures | 4. Semantic Relationships |
| 5. Displays | 6. When to use | 7. Examples of use | 8. About Z39.19 |
©NISO, 2005 http://www.niso.org/
Source: Based on ANSI/NISO Z39.19-2005 ISBN: 1-880124-65-3
Guidelines for the Construction, Format, and Management of Monolingual Controlled Vocabularies